The most sophisticated manufacturing processes where a thin monocrystalline wafer is slowly transformed into a matrix of microchips. Chips are built from many layers where each layer has to be placed with nanometer precision. This is performed in a special chamber that employs ultraviolet technology - substances reacting with light to form the layers. Microchips typically go through lot of stages including washing and coating in between. It is good to start small and then expand. Small setups can be connected in form of a loop with a sorter.
Üks keerukamaid tootmisprotsesse, kus õhuke monokristallist vahvel muundub aeglaselt mikrokiipide maatriksiks. Kiibid on ehitatud paljudest kihtidest, kus iga kiht tuleb paigutada nanomeetri täpsusega. Seda tehakse spetsiaalses kambris, kus kasutatakse ultraviolettkiirguse tehnoloogiat - aineid, mis reageerivad valgusele kihte moodustades. Mikrokiibid läbivad tavaliselt palju etappe, sh pesu ja kihiga katmine. Parem on alustada väikselt ja edaspidi laiendada. Väikesi seadistusi saab sortijaga ühendada silmuskontuuri.